CONDITIONS
Perianal disorders

Haemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids also called “piles” are swollen veins that are found inside the rectum or around the anus. Most of the time, patients who experience haemorrhoids make use of conservative treatment that include lifestyle changes and home remedies. For quick relief, patients turn to less invasive surgical procedures like rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy or coagulation through laser treatments. To treat large haemorrhoids, Dr Singh performs haemorrhoidectomy to remove haemorrhoids.

Symptoms of haemorrhoids
External haemorrhoids appear around the anus. Other signs of the condition include:
  • Itching around the area where the haemorrhoid is present
  • Lumps near the anus
  • Difficulty with bowel movements
  • Blood on tissue paper
Reasons for haemorrhoids
Strained bowel movements and chronic constipation are factors that contribute to the development of haemorrhoids. A family or genetic history of haemorrhoids as well as sitting for long periods increases the risk of haemorrhoids.
Haemorrhoid treatment
If a simple conservative treatment like haemorrhoid cream fails to work, cold compression can help reduce swelling. The doctor also prescribes medication to relieve pain. However, if haemorrhoids recur and increase in size, the doctor will recommend rubber band ligation. For rubber band ligation, the surgeon places a rubber band over the haemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply. Sclerotherapy is an injection therapy that's performed to shrink the haemorrhoid. If the haemorrhoid is large and causes discomfort, the surgeon will perform a haemorrhoidectomy to remove the haemorrhoid.

Perianal fistula

An anal fistula is a passageway that extends from the bowel to the skin near the anus. An anal fistula arises after an abscess drains. Anal fistula causes the faecal matter to pass through the anal canal and move through the passageway out of the skin. Surgery is required to seal the tunnel and drain the abscess.

Symptoms of a perianal fistula
Signs of an anal fistula include:
  • Itching around the anus
  • Pain when sitting
  • Anal discharge
  • Traces of blood in the stool
  • Fever (abscess)
Reasons for a perianal fistula
Anal fistulas form after an abscess. An anal fistula is most likely to occur when the abscess doesn't heal after the pus drains. Conditions like Crohn's disease and diverticulitis increase the risk of perianal fistula.
Perianal fistula treatment
Most of the time, perianal fistulas don't heal without surgical intervention. Dr Singh performs a fistulotomy to treat an anal fistula. For this procedure, the surgeon flattens the fistula so that it heals and forms a linear scar. Seton and advanced flap procedures are additional surgical techniques that are performed to seal an anal fistula.

Perianal fissure

An anal fissure is a noticeable tear in the tissue that surrounds the anus. Sometimes the tear is so deep that muscle tissue can be seen.

Symptoms of an anal fissure
An apparent tear in the anal lining is a common sign of an anal fissure. Other signs of the condition include:
  • A lump near the fissure
  • Pain during bowel movements
  • Traces of blood on tissue paper after a bowel movement
  • Pain in the anal region
  • Itching
Reasons for an anal fissure
Chronic constipation contributes to a tear in the anal lining. Conditions like Crohn's and inflammatory bowel diseases are other causes of anal fissures.
Anal fissure treatment
Medications like stool softeners and ointments relieve anal fissure pain. A diet high in fibre, as well as fibre supplements, helps regulate healthy bowel movement. Another form of treatment includes Botox injections that are directly inserted into the anal sphincter to prevent anal spasms. But should anal fissures fail to heal and start to recur, the surgeon performs surgery to relax the anal sphincter.
 
 
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